Kerala, with its dense forests, tranquil lakes, and vibrant rivers, is a haven for bird lovers. The state’s moderate climate, abundant rainfall, and diverse ecosystems make it the perfect destination for migratory birds as well as endemic species. From verdant landscapes to rich biodiversity, here are some of the most renowned bird sanctuaries in Kerala that you must visit.
Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary
Location: 14 km from Kottayam
Best Time to Visit: November to February
Entry Fee: ₹100 for adults
Unique Feature: Migratory birds from Siberia and the Himalayas
Kumarakom Bird Sanctuary, also known as the Vembanad Bird Sanctuary, is located on the banks of the Vembanad Lake. Spanning over 14 acres, this sanctuary attracts a large number of migratory birds, including species like the Siberian crane, teal, and flycatcher. Formerly known as Baker’s Estate, Kumarakom is also home to waterfowl, cuckoos, owls, herons, and the majestic brahminy kite.
Travel Tip: The best way to experience the sanctuary is through boat rides, which offer a unique perspective on birdlife and allow closer sightings of aquatic birds. Visit in the early morning or late afternoon for the best birdwatching opportunities.
Thattekad Bird Sanctuary
Location: 44 km from Kochi International Airport
Best Time to Visit: November to March
Entry Fee: ₹50 for adults
Unique Feature: Described as one of the richest bird habitats by Dr. Salim Ali
Also known as the Salim Ali Bird Sanctuary, Thattekad is one of the most biodiverse bird habitats in India. This sanctuary is nestled between the Periyar River branches and is home to over 280 species of birds. The dense tropical evergreen and deciduous forests here are a shelter for species like the Malabar grey hornbill, white-bellied woodpecker, and Ceylon frogmouth.
Travel Tip: Take a guided birdwatching tour to explore rare species that are harder to spot. The sanctuary also has a birdwatching tower that offers panoramic views of the surrounding forest.
Mangalavanam Bird Sanctuary
Location: In the heart of Kochi
Best Time to Visit: December to March
Entry Fee: ₹10 for adults
Unique Feature: An urban bird sanctuary, known as the “green lung of Kochi”
Nestled amidst the bustling city of Kochi, Mangalavanam Bird Sanctuary offers a refreshing escape into nature. The sanctuary is home to a variety of migratory birds and resident species. It supports a rich ecosystem, including mangroves and a shallow tidal lake connected to the Cochin backwaters. Over 32 species of birds and 17 species of butterflies call this sanctuary home, including the little cormorant, night heron, and various species of egrets.
Travel Tip: While visiting Mangalavanam, you can combine your trip with exploration of Fort Kochi or a backwater cruise, adding more to your experience of the city’s natural beauty.
Pakshipathalam Bird Sanctuary
Location: 23 km from Kozhikode, at 1,740 meters above sea level
Best Time to Visit: October to May
Entry Fee: Trekking permits required, ₹50 for Indian tourists, ₹200 for foreigners
Unique Feature: Accessible only via a 6 km trek through dense forests
Perched high in the Brahmagiri Hills, Pakshipathalam Bird Sanctuary is a remote birdwatcher’s paradise. To reach the sanctuary, one must trek through deep rock caves and rugged terrain, adding a sense of adventure to the experience. The caves are said to have been used for meditation by ancient Rishis (saints) and are now home to species like the babbler, jungle fowl, and the rare ‘Edible Nest Swift’—a bird that constructs its nest using saliva.
Travel Tip: The trek to Pakshipathalam can be challenging. Hire a guide and ensure you carry enough water, energy snacks, and proper trekking gear.
Kadalundi Bird Sanctuary
Location: 19 km from Kozhikode
Best Time to Visit: November to April
Entry Fee: ₹10 for adults
Unique Feature: Kerala’s first community reserve
The Kadalundi Bird Sanctuary, also known as the Kadalundi-Vallikkunnu Community Reserve, is located on a cluster of islands in the Arabian Sea. Over 100 species of native birds and 60 species of migratory birds make this sanctuary their seasonal home. Some common species include terns, gulls, herons, sandpipers, and kingfishers. The sanctuary also supports a variety of marine life, with mangroves, hillocks, and small tidal lagoons adding to its ecological richness.
Travel Tip: The forest department offers boat services, allowing visitors to explore the sanctuary via the Kadalundi River. Bring binoculars and a camera for a rewarding birdwatching experience.
Final Thoughts
Kerala’s bird sanctuaries offer an incredible window into the natural beauty and biodiversity of the region. Whether you’re a seasoned birdwatcher or simply a nature enthusiast, these sanctuaries provide unforgettable experiences. From the challenging treks of Pakshipathalam to the tranquil boat rides in Kumarakom, each sanctuary has its own unique charm. Make sure to plan your visit during peak birdwatching seasons to witness the migratory wonders Kerala has to offer.
